The Second International Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Conference
Karyotyping Analysis of Non-Iatrogenic, Non-Obstructive Azoospermic Males and Their Association with Sperm Retrieval ICSI Outcomes Among Iraqis
Background: Recently, genetic analysis of male infertility gained specific attention, and there are only limited reports that have focused on azoospermic chromosomal aberrations and their association with reproductive future. This study intended to analyze the chromosomal aberrations of azoospermic patients and their association with the outcomes of ICSI post-sperm retrieval. Methods: 76 azoospermic patients were counted in this cross-sectional study. All applicants were subjected to TESA, and both the positive and negative TESA underwent karyotyping. Only positive TESA results had been selected for further ICSI, whether they revealed normal or abnormal cytogenetic karyotyping. Results:89.5% of patients presented with primary infertility. The abnormal karyotype represents 43.4% of patients. 63.7% of patients presented with Del y abnormality. The results in 68.4% of the total (52) infertile males who underwent TESA were presented with positive TESA results in 29 (55.8%). The majority of patients with positive TESA results had a normal karyotype. All those with positive TESA results underwent ICSI, and 14 out of the completed (82) ICSI cycles achieved positive clinical gestations, leading to the delivery of 7 babies, 4 processing, and 3 aborted fetuses. 57.2% of patients with ICSI had a normal karyotype. There was a non-significant association between karyotyping and the TESA results (P=0.6). Conclusion In NINOA, the majority of infertile males who presented with positive TESE results had normal karyotyping. There was no significant association between Karyotype with TESE and ICSI outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2026 The Second International Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences Conference
Prevalence of seropositive toxoplasma cases in association with frequency of abortion in Al-Najaf province
Toxoplasmosis represents one of the most widely distributed zoonotic parasitic infections affecting human populations globally. Accordingly, the present study aimed to assess the serological prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii using the Latex Agglutination Test (LAT) together with Macrophage-Derived Chemokines (MDC). to determine the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in women of Al-Najaf province, Venous blood samples (3 mL) were obtained from 47 women with a confirmed history of recurrent pregnancy loss.suspected of toxoplasmosis who attended Al-Zahraa Maternity. and Children. Teaching Hospital during the period from October 2023 to October 2024. Furthermore, 20 apparently healthy women were enrolled as a comparison group. The ages of the participants ranged from 18 to 50 years. Serum samples were examined for toxoplasmosis using the LAT and MDA test. Data analysis demonstrated that seropositivity for T. gondii was predominantly detected among women experiencing recurrent abortions.The results revealed high positive. of toxoplasmosis in the. LAT was 28(59.57%) out of (47). this study concluded that latex agglutination tests, one of the simple to performance, rapid techniques for diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. LAT is rapid and simple technique to perform, the best test, and commercially available in kit form. Toxoplasmosis is a widely prevalent and clinically significant parasitic disease caused by the obligate. Intracellular. protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. While infection is typically asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, it may result in serious pathological consequences in cases of congenital transmission and among immunocompromised patients. The present study was designed to investigate T. gondii infection in women experiencing recurrent abortions, to assess the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, and to evaluate the most reliable diagnostic test for predicting infection among pregnant. women attending prenatal. and medical. care services at maternal and child health institutions in Iraq, with particular emphasis on Najaf province
Toxoplasmosi Latex Agglutination Test, Macrophage Derived Chemokines
Multi-Parametric Analysis of Clinical, Hormonal, BMP-4, and AI Machine Learning Approaches as Predictors in Fertility Treatment Outcomes
Background: Current improvements in reproductive medicine underscore the critical role of innovative biomarkers to predict outcomes of assisted reproductive technology. Infertility impacts 10-15% of couples worldwide, representing significant challenges in reproductive health. Objectives: The current study inspects the predictors of fertility treatment outcomes, concentrating on bone morphogenetic protein-4 (BMP-4), which is associated with folliculogenesis and embryo quality. Methods: A multi-parametric inclusive analysis was executed, incorporating clinical data, hormonal profiles, serum BMP-4 levels, and ovarian response metrics from 100 infertile females undergoing ART. Results: Serum BMP-4 levels were significantly greater in patients attaining positive clinical pregnancy outcomes compared to those with negative consequences (126.4 ± 85.9 pg/mL vs 58.7 ± 42.3 pg/mL, p =0.001), respectively. The receiver operating characteristic analysis exhibited BMP-4's strong predictive capacity for clinical pregnancy, with an accuracy of 85% (CI: 0.77– 0.92). The optimal cutoff for BMP-4 was over 95 pg/mL, yielding 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity. Multivariate logistic regression identified significant independent predictors of successful pregnancy: BMP-4 >95 pg/mL (aOR 3.2), younger age (aOR 1.18), the presence of ≥2 Grade 1 embryos (aOR 2.9), and progesterone <1 ng/mL (aOR 1.9). Age stratification highlighted reduced ovarian reserve and embryo quality in patients aged ≥35 years, relating to lower BMP-4 levels and pregnancy rates. Conclusion: the findings support the incorporation of circulating BMP-4 measurement alongside traditional clinical and hormonal assessments to enhance ART prognostication and optimize individualized fertility treatment protocols.
Development and validation Flow injection spectrophotometric method for Determination of carvedilol
An easy, rapid, cost-effective, and sensitive batch and flow injection spectrophotometric technique for identifying carvedilol in biological samples and pharmaceutical goods. The techniques were based on the oxidative coupling reaction that occurs when carvedilol and para-aminophenol (PAP) reagent are combined in an alkaline medium with potassium meta per iodate oxidizing agent (KIO4) to create a stable, water-soluble deep blue color, and exhibits the maximum absorption at 614 nm. Reagent concentrations, flow rate, reaction coil, sample amount, and other variables that influence the reaction and color of the final product made with this developed process. The suggested approach has a linearity range of 5 to 80 μg/mL, a recovery percentage of 102.99, and correlation coefficients of 0.9997. The limits of quantification and detection were 2.74 and 0.8222, respectively. an 80 sample. Hour -1 throughput. The novel method worked well for figuring out whether carvedilol was present in the pharmaceutical, biological, and pure samples.
Assessment of Serum Glutathione S-Transferase Gene Polymorphisms in Iraqi Patients Diagnosed with Colorectal Cancer
ABSTRACT— Colorectal cancer is a prevalent disease that originates with abnormal proliferation of the inner colon or rectum, expanding through the whole thickness of the epithelial lining, then disseminating to adjacent lymph nodes and organs, and ultimately leading to distant metastases. It ranks as one of the most complicated cancers to cure, associated with complex interactions between environmental factors and genetic susceptibility, with severe symptoms that exacerbate and become more precise and particular as the illness advances, resulting in an elevated rate of mortality and short lifespan if diagnosed late or untreated. Molecular analysis reveals that glutathione S-transferase (GST) is a crucial detoxifying enzyme involved in cellular defense against oxidative stress. Polymorphisms of GST Mu1 (M1) and Theta1 (T1) genes may affect enzymes' capacity to metabolize chemical carcinogens and mutagens and their combined impact on CRC risk. Methods: A case-control study evaluated the frequency of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes in CRC patients compared with healthy individuals. The participants of the study were 58 cases, consisting of both healthy individuals and patients, divided into two categories: The first had 38 patients. The second group had 20 healthy individuals. DNA was isolated from whole blood, and genotyping was performed using a conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction assay. Results: The current study showed that the frequency of the GSTM1 and GSTT1null genotypes was 52.63% and 15.79%, respectively, revealing a highly significant difference (P=0.001) between GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes and a significant difference (P=0.041) between GSTT1 and the control group. Furthermore, stratified analysis indicated that the GSTM1 null genotype was significantly associated with smoking habit (P=0.024) and family history (P<0.001), while the GSTT1 null genotype was associated with early-onset cancer in patients aged <50 years (P=0.021). In conclusion, our research indicates that the Iraqi population's vulnerability to colorectal cancer may be linked to variations in the GSTT1 gene.
Glutathione S-transferase, Colorectal cancer
In Silico Molecular Docking, Synthesis, and Preliminary Pharmacological assessment of of New γ-Aminobutyric Acid - NSAIDs Conjugates as Potential Anti-Inflammatory and Antimicrobial Agents
Although long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is associated with gastrointestinal and cardiovascular problems, NSAIDs are frequently used to treat pain and inflammation. In order to create novel GABA-NSAID conjugates, this study investigated γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA, C₄H₄NO₂) as a biologically active carrier. The target compounds were synthesized by esterification, conjugation with NSAIDs, and Schiff base formation. IR and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy analyses were used to confirm the synthesized derivatives' structures. These GABA-NSAID conjugates' binding affinities to COX-1, COX-2, and microbial target proteins were evaluated through computational molecular docking studies, indicating their potential for dual anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial functionality. Compared to conventional NSAIDs, these derivatives may have better anti-inflammatory effects and a better safety profile, according to preliminary pharmacological analyses.
Current Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Acromegaly
Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disorder caused predominantly by growth hormone (GH)–secreting pituitary adenomas and is associated with substantial cardiometabolic, skeletal, and neoplastic morbidity. Despite advances in clinical care, diagnosis is frequently delayed owing to the insidious onset of symptoms, underscoring the need for improved detection strategies. This Review synthesizes recent progress in the diagnostic, therapeutic, and molecular characterization of acromegaly, highlighting how these advances are reshaping clinical management. Contemporary diagnosis centers on age-adjusted measurement of serum insulin-like growth factor-1, confirmatory GH suppression testing, and high-resolution pituitary magnetic resonance imaging. Beyond conventional diagnostics, molecular and genomic profiling, enabled by next-generation sequencing, has expanded understanding of the genetic landscape of GH-secreting adenomas, including alterations in GNAS, AIP, and other tumor suppressor and signaling pathway genes that influence tumor behavior, treatment response, and prognosis. Management has evolved toward a precision-based, multimodal paradigm, with transsphenoidal surgery as first-line therapy, complemented by an expanding pharmacological armamentarium that includes long-acting somatostatin receptor ligands, GH receptor antagonists, dopamine agonists, and newer second-generation and oral agents. Emerging experimental approaches, such as targeted modulation of GH-secreting pathways and exploratory gene-editing strategies, hold promise for refractory disease, although their clinical application remains investigational. Together, these developments illustrate a shift toward integrated clinical and molecular frameworks that aim to enable earlier diagnosis, individualized therapy, and improved long-term outcomes for patients with acromegaly.
Fabrication of Polyamide 6 /Activated Carbon Composite Nano Fibers for the Removal of Organic Dyes from Wastewater
Background: Environmental pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater containing organic dyes into water bodies is a significant global problem that poses serious threats to human health. Organic dyes are hazardous due to their toxicity and carcinogenic potential, and failure to remove them leads to contamination of water resources. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the application of polyamide 6/activated carbon (PA6/AC) composite nanofibers for the adsorption of malachite green (MG) and carmoisine (CA) dyes from wastewater. Materials and Methods: Electrospun PA6 and PA6/AC nanofibers were fabricated and characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, water contact angle measurements, and tensile testing. Adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of initial dye concentration, solution pH, contact time, and temperature on dye removal efficiency. Kinetic and isotherm models were applied to analyze the adsorption process. Results: FESEM analysis showed bead-free nanofibers with average diameters of 120 nm (PA6) and 104 nm (PA6/AC). Water contact angle measurements indicated increased hydrophilicity in PA6/AC fibers. The nanofibers achieved up to 99% removal of CA at 10 mg/L, pH = 2, and 120 minutes, while maximum adsorption of MG occurred at 5 mg/L, pH = 12, and 120 minutes. Adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, and the Langmuir isotherm best described equilibrium data. Conclusion: PA6/AC nanofiber mats exhibit excellent potential for removing organic dyes such as MG and CA from wastewater. They represent a promising material for water purification, and future studies should evaluate their performance in treating real wastewater samples.
Polyamid6; Activated carbon; Composite nanofibers; Organic dyes.
Calicum and phosphorus level in patient with renal failure
Background Renal failure significantly affects the balance of minerals in the body, especially calcium and phosphorus, which can lead to serious health complications. Objectives This study aims to measure the levels of calcium and phosphorus in patients with renal failure and compare them to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods A total of 100 serum samples were collected: 60 from renal failure patients and 40 from healthy individuals (control group), aged 30 to 90 years, of both genders. Samples were collected from outpatient clinics. Results The mean phosphorus level was 4.679 with a standard deviation of 0.9615 and variance of 0.925. The highest phosphorus level was recorded in the 71–80 age group (5.1), while the lowest was in the 41–50 group (3.4). Phosphorus levels were higher in females, with a post-dialysis mean of 4.72. Calcium levels were highest in the 51–60 age group (9.2). The greatest variation was in the 30–40 age group. Males had higher calcium levels (mean of 8.5) than females (7.5). A strong inverse relationship was found between calcium and phosphorus using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Conclusion The study revealed significant variations in calcium and phosphorus levels based on age, gender, and dialysis status. A strong inverse correlation exists between calcium and phosphorus levels. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring of mineral levels in renal failure patients.
calcium and phosphorus level , dialysis , renal failure
Electronic structure and vibrational spectrum analysis of aspirin via DFT calculations
Assessment of Renal Injury and Inflammation: Diagnostic Implications of Serum Cystatin C and IL-18 in Urolithiasis
Background: Kidney stones is a prevalent and recurrent condition associated with significant morbidity. While traditional risk factors are known, the roles of subclinical renal dysfunction and inflammation in its pathogenesis are still being explored. This study aimed to evaluate serum Cystatin C (Cys-C) as a marker of renal function and Interleukin-18 (IL-18) as a pro-inflammatory marker in patients with kidney stones, and to assess their correlation with conventional biochemical markers. Methods: In this case-control study, 60 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of nephrolithiasis and 60 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers were enrolled. Serum levels of Cys-C and IL-18 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum Ca+2, P, and UA levels were measured using a clinical chemistry analyzer. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the biomarker levels between the two groups. Results: The patient group demonstrated significantly higher serum levels of Cys-C (0.363 ± 0.11 vs. 0.301 ± 0.08, P<0.001) and IL-18 (10.03 ± 4.98 vs. 7.22 ± 2.22, P<0.001) compared to the healthy control group. Patients with nephrolithiasis also had significantly elevated levels of UA (7.02 ± 1.77 vs. 4.80 ± 1.35, P<0.001), Ca+2 (9.91 ± 0.91 vs. 9.01 ± 0.68, P<0.001), and phosphorus (4.88 ± 1.04 vs. 3.44 ± 0.71, P<0.01). Within the patient group, there were no significant differences in these biomarker levels based on sex or age. Conclusion: The significant elevation of Cys-C and IL-18 in patients with nephrolithiasis suggests that subclinical renal dysfunction and pro-inflammatory processes are key components of the disease's pathophysiology. These markers, in conjunction with traditional stone-forming minerals, may serve as a valuable panel for assessing disease activity and renal involvement in patients with kidney stones.
Assessment of Heavy Metals, Trace Elements, and Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increasingly been examined within a broader biomedical framework that integrates environmental exposures and micronutrient balance. Evidence has suggested that chronic exposure to toxic elements—particularly lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As)—may intensify oxidative burden and disturb pathways essential for glucose homeostasis, while inadequate levels of essential trace elements including chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), and selenium (Se) can weaken antioxidant defenses and compromise insulin-related metabolic processes [1,2] . In this case–control investigation, serum concentrations of Pb, Cd, As, Cr, Zn, and Se were quantified in individuals with T2DM and matched healthy controls using validated atomic absorption spectrometry protocols. Oxidative stress was evaluated through malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, measured spectrophotometrically in accordance with standardized biochemical procedures [3]. All analytical steps were conducted under rigorous quality control, including matrix-matched calibration, certified reference materials, and precision checks.The findings reveal a consistent pattern in which individuals with T2DM exhibit significantly elevated concentrations of Pb, Cd, and As, paralleled by marked reductions in Cr, Zn, and Se. This biochemical imbalance was accompanied by higher MDA and reduced GPx activity, indicating a pronounced shift toward oxidative stress[ 4,5]. Collectively, these results highlight an interaction between environmental toxicants and micronutrient insufficiency that may contribute to the metabolic and oxidative alterations characteristic of T2DM.
Evaluation of Cytokines of Human Papillomavirus by RT-qPCR
ABSTRACT Background and Aim: Human Papillomaviruses (HPVs) are double-stranded DNA viruses belonging to the Papillomaviridae family.As the most common sexually transmitted infection globally, HPV infection is widespread. Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. It is a heterogeneous disease that ranges from slow-growing tumors with favorable prognosis to aggressive subtypes with poor outcomes. Increasing evidence suggests that viral infections, including Human Papillomavirus (HPV), may contribute to breast cancer pathogenesis. This study aims to evaluate the presence of HPV in breast cancer patients and its association with the expression levels of cytokines. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 whole blood and serum samples were collected from breast cancer patients between October and December 2024 at the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Governorate, Iraq. HPV infection was detected using molecular diagnostic methods, and expression levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-18 (IL-18) were measured using reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: Expression analysis revealed significantly decreased levels of IL-6 (P < 0.0001), and IL-18 (P < 0.001) in HPV-positive breast cancer patients compared to HPV-negative cases. Conclusion: A significant reduction in the expression of IL-6, and IL-18 was observed in HPV-positive cases, indicating a potential suppressive effect of HPV on key immunological and regulatory pathways within the tumor microenvironment.
Novel Sulphadoxine-Triazole Hybrids: Synthesis, Antioxidant Activity and Molecular Docking toward Biological Targets
Click chemistry was used in this study as an effective and selective synthetic method to successfully create a number of novel heterocyclic triazole derivatives based on the medication sulphadoxine. Sulphadoxine was first modified by a diazotization process with sodium nitrite and hydrochloric acid, and then the azide derivative (S) was obtained by substitution with sodium azide. The second stage was reacting p-hydroxybenzaldehyde with 3-bromo-1-propyne to produce the alkyne derivative (A). A number of novel chalcone derivatives (A1–A3) were created by Claisen–Schmidt condensation of this molecule with different aromatic ketones. The target triazole derivatives (E1–E3) were obtained in good yields by reacting the azide-functionalized sulphadoxine derivative (S) with the synthesized chalcones (A1–A3) via copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) were used to verify the chemical structures of all produced substances. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of a few chosen derivatives was assessed; the findings showed that several molecules had encouraging antioxidant potential. In order to support the synthesized derivatives' possible biological activity, molecular docking experiments were also carried out to examine the binding interactions and affinity of the derivatives toward certain biological targets. Overall, the results indicate that the recently produced triazole compounds based on sulphadoxine are interesting scaffolds for additional biological testing and potential therapeutic development.
Application of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Beta vulgaris extract (CSNPs-BVE) as Antifungal Ear Infection Treatment for XDR and MDR Candida-Infected Mice Ear
Background: Candida species rank among common opportunistic fungal pathogens, with healthcare settings being a major arena for occurrences of infections. The increased prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Candida such as C. auris, C. glabrata, and C. parapsilosis has compromised conventional antifungals, giving rise to an urgent need to formulate alternate therapeutic approaches. Objectives: The prime aim of the work was to observe the in vivo antifungal activity of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with Beta vulgaris extract (CSNPs-BVE) against the four clinical XDR and MDR Candida isolates in a mice model and to compare it with Nystatin, a commercial antifungal. Methods: Samples of four Candida species were taken from Iraqi hospitals and were confirmed biochemically and through ITS-based molecular methods. Green synthesis methods were used for preparing and characterizing CSNPs-BVE. The BALB/c mice models were topically infected and treated with CSNPs-BVE, BVE alone, and Nystatin. MIC, SMIC, biofilm inhibition, and histopathological studies were performed. Phylogenetic analysis based on the ITS1-ITS4 sequences was carried out to investigate the genetic diversity in the isolates. Results: CSNPs-BVE showed much lower MIC and SMIC values as compared to that of the crude extract. Biofilm formation was inhibited at 97% in C. parapsilosis. Histological studies confirmed the healing of the tissue and reduction of inflammation in CSNP-treated mice. Phylogenetic analysis found that there were differing nucleotide polymorphisms among C. glabrata isolates, which correspond to their variable drug sensitivities. Conclusion: CSNPs-BVE had the best antifungal and anti-biofilm activity in vivo, better than free extract and Nystatin. The use of molecular diagnosis coupled with nanotechnology is the best alternative to fighting drug-resistant Candida infections.
The Antimicrobial Efficacy of Ibuprofen: A Comprehensive Evaluation
Background: Microbial infections remain a significant global health challenge due to the complex interplay between pathogen virulence, host susceptibility, and environmental factors. This study examines the epidemiology, etiology, and complications of microbial infections and evaluates current treatment strategies, with a specific focus on the potential antimicrobial properties of ibuprofen. In the introduction, the paper outlines the diverse range of microbial agents—including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites—and emphasizes the evolving challenge posed by antibiotic resistance and emerging pathogens. Methods: section describes a systematic literature review conducted across multiple scientific databases. The review incorporated both in vitro and in vivo studies to assess the antibacterial effects of ibuprofen, as well as its potential synergistic interactions when combined with conventional antibiotics. Statistical analyses, including multinomial logistic regression, were employed to elucidate dose-response relationships between ibuprofen concentrations and bacterial inhibition. Results :indicate that ibuprofen exhibits significant antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, while its efficacy against Gram-negative organisms is limited due to inherent structural barriers. Additionally, synergistic effects were observed when ibuprofen was paired with standard antibiotics, resulting in enhanced bacterial clearance in preclinical models. However, potential adverse effects, such as the masking of infection symptoms and complications in pediatric cases, were also noted. Conclusion : these findings are integrated to highlight the dual role of ibuprofen as both an anti-inflammatory and an antimicrobial agent. The study emphasizes the need for cautious clinical application, balancing the benefits of enhanced bacterial killing and reduced inflammation against the risks of delayed diagnosis and potential adverse outcomes. Overall, the research supports further investigation into the integration of ibuprofen into therapeutic protocols as an adjunctive treatment for microbial infections.
Keywords: The Antimicrobial ,infection ,Ibuprofen , NSAID , inflammation .
Monjaro Therapy for Obesity: A Systematic Review
Background: Obesity is defined as an abnormal or excessive accumulation of fat that may impair health. According to World Health Organization (WHO), any Individual with a body mass Index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 Is obese and severe or class III obesity Is defined as a BMI equal to or greater than 40 kg/m2 . Differential distribution of body fat may predispose individuals to conditions such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, infertility, certain forms of cancers, and psychological and social abnormalities. The rates of these conditions increase significantly as BMI increases. Obesity leads to a significant economic burden on the society, both at an individual and the population level. The rise in obesity levels has mirrored the increase in number of bariatric procedures performed worldwide. Methods of the Research Question : Databases: Search major databases lIke PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science.Keywords: Use a combination of keywords related : Obesity ("obesity," "overweight," "body mass Index") To verify the physiological effects of Mounjaro on metabolism and appetite regulation. To explore Weight loss in clinical trials for non-diabetic patients using Mounjaro . Result : Tirzepatide decreased weight primarily through a reduction In fat mass Important implication of this report is in the design of poly- pharmacological drugs possessing GLP-1 activity. Here, GLP-1R potency must be carefully considered because dose escalation of selective GLP-1R agonists induces undesirable gastrointestinal effects. Such effects have not been described for GIP Common side effects include nausea, diarrhea, and vomiting, higher doses correlating with Increased incidence of these effects . The physiological effects of mounjaro on metabolism is increase metabolism by stimulating insulin secretion for fat metabolism and loss appetite depending on the dose . The Tirzepatide for obese In non diabetic patients leads to significant weight loss , improved metabolism parameters, and better cardiovascular health .
Monjaro , Therapy for Obesity, Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor, overweight, Weight loss .
Some Epidemiological aspects of Trichomoniasis in Al-Najaf province
Background: Trichomoniasis is the most frequent STD (sexually transmitted disease) among non-virus-causing organisms globally. This study aims to detect infections, caused by Trichomonas vaginalis in urine and secretions from the vagina to find out if there is a connection between demographic variables and the results. Methods: The total examined specimens were 264 from patients, 165 females by vaginal swabs and 99 males by urethral discharge and urine specimens, along with samples from the same patients and 25 samples from healthy male and female (control) people with ages varying from fourteen to fifty-eight old who visited hospitals and clinics in various parts of Al-Najaf province between September 2024, and September 2025. Results: Present study showed that the greatest infection incidence was found to be 13.63% with T. vaginalis, according to results from the wet mount planning, direct gram smear, and general urine examination (GUE). In this experiment, the general exam was the most effective test for identifying T. vaginalis. Conclusions: the general exam was the most effective test for identifying T.vaginalis. Results revealed that the infection rate was 11.51% in females, whilst in males were 17.17%. Also the study showed that the highest percentage (26.6%,20.5%) of infection by T.vaginalis was in the age group 21-27 years, 28-34 respectively for both sexes .
Hepatitis B Prevention in Iraq: Addressing Vertical Transmission and Vaccination Completion Challenges
The viral infection caused by hepatitis B (HBV) is still a major public health issue in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The objective of this research was to evaluate the extent of HBV vaccination coverage, recognize the factors preventing vaccination, and ascertain the rates of prevalence among different risk groups in Iraq. The cross-sectional research was conducted with a national vaccination and screening data from the healthcare centres in Al-Najaf city. Vaccination data of high-risk individuals such as health care workers (HCWs), contacts of diagnosed patients, and those belonging to occupational risk groups were re-evaluated. The HBV screening outcomes were analyzed based on 15 different risk categories (n=103,550). The structured questionnaires given to the healthcare providers were used to obtain information on the barriers to vaccination. Among the total of 103,550 individuals screened, the prevalence of HBV was 0.095% (98 positive cases). Surgical patients accounted for the highest number of cases (24.5% of positives), blood donors (22.4%) and pre-marital screening (12.2%) being the next in line. The positivity rate was 100% for the infants born to infected mothers, while it was 3.57% for the contacts of diagnosed patients. The vaccination statistics suggested that completing the dose was a very difficult task as 624 first doses were administered but only 335 were third doses completed. The percentage of vaccinated health care workers was 73.4% of all doses.The unavailability of vaccines (50%), doubts about the vaccine's safety (45%), and lack of training (40%) were identified as the main reasons for the low uptake of the vaccine. Healthcare workers' non-compliance was attributed to the beliefs about the vaccine being ineffective (37%), the perception of low disease prevalence (35%), and safety concerns (30%). This study points out the significant weaknesses in Iraq's HBV prevention program, especially vertical transmission prevention and incomplete vaccination series.
Hepatitis B Virus, Vaccination Coverage, Iraq, Healthcare Workers, High-Risk Populations, Barriers to Vaccination, Prevalence
Effect of alcoholic extract of oleander leaves and flowers on some pathogenic bacteria
Abstract This study aimed to demonstrate the antibacterial activity of crude leaf and flower extracts of oleander (Nerium oleander), a medicinal plant traditionally used to treat infections. Given the increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics, particularly multidrug-resistant strains (MDRs), this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of oleander extracts against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and compare it to antibiotics commonly used in healthcare settings. Plant material was collected, dried, and then extracted using 70% ethanol. Different concentrations (10%, 30%, and 50%) were tested using the disc diffusion method.. Results showed that many bacterial isolates, particularly E. coli and Enterococcus, were resistant to multiple antibiotics. In contrast, oleander extracts demonstrated inhibitory effects, especially at 50% concentration. The leaf extract was more effective than the flower extract, producing larger inhibition zones against Streptococcus, E. coli, Enterobacter, and Pseudomonas. The findings suggest that Nerium oleander possesses significant antibacterial potential, especially against resistant strains, and may serve as a natural alternative in antimicrobial therapy. Further research is recommended to isolate and identify the active phytochemicals responsible for this activity.
Sperm parameters and oxidative stress markers in normal semen and abnormal semen
Background: This study aimed to evaluate semen parameters which include sperm concentration, normal sperm morphology, progressive motility and semen volume in both normal and abnormal semen sample of infertility patients, as well as oxidative stress and antioxidants level in seminal plasma in normal and abnormal semen sample of infertility patients. Methods: Normal semen samples were collected from 41 infertile men and abnormal semen samples were collected from 47 infertile men and semen parameters and levels of total antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide, 8-hydroxydesoxyguanosine were examined in semen of 88 sample. Results: Seminal fluid analysis of specimen showed a significant difference (p < 0.05) in normal sperm morphology, sperm concentration, progressive motility and round cells and PH in abnormal semen group compared with the group of normozoospermia. And the results demonstrated statistically no significant increase (P≤0.05) in 8-OHdG (84.80±68.382 ng/mL), statistically no significant decrease in NO levels and TAC in the seminal plasma (0.033±0.019, 0.068±0.013 respectively) in Abnormal semen groups compared with normozoospermia. Conclusion: A significant difference (p < 0.05) in sperm concentration, round cells, progressive motility and PH, Normal sperm morphology in abnormal semen group compared with the group of normozoospermia. Non significant difference of oxidative stress in normal and abnormal semen sample of infertility patients.
The Effect of Immunomodulatory Agent Lanolin versus Glycerin in the Treatment of Induced Eczema in albino rats: Histological study
Background & aim: The oily substance lanolin, sometimes referred to as wool wax, is released by the sebaceous glands under sheep's skin. Because of its anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and skin-protective qualities, it may be used to treat eczema and other skin disorders. Therefore, this study compared the effect of Lanolin and glycerin in the treatment of induced eczema in adult albino rats. Methodology: Forty-eight adult albino rats weighing between 250 and 350 grams were divided into two groups at random: one for eczema, which was caused by putting cotton swabs containing 99.9% pure acetone to shaved skin. Following three days of acetone treatment, the eczema group was split into two equal subgroups (16 rats each), and they were given either lanolin or glycerin. On the third day, the rats were slaughtered after continuing their individual treatments for a further 72 hours. Results: Comparing the eczematous skin to control sections, histopathological analysis showed notable alterations. These included fissures, breaks in the epidermal layer brought on by dry skin, an accumulation of inflammatory cells, and a discernible thickening and elongation of the outermost layer of skin. Conclusions: According to the study, when acetone-induced dermatitis in albino rats is treated, lanolin has a better healing effect than glycerin.
eczema, induced eczema, lanolin, skin diseases, Wool wax.
Pre - mortem CT as an alternative protocol to identify Non- fracture Brain hemorrhages leading to death: A Case Report
<a href="Background: PMCT has effectively mirrored the development and availability of CT scanning itself. Currently, PMCT is used almost routinely at forensic institutes in developed countries However PMCT had been as a rutin procedure to explore the death cause, but the challenge is pre-mortem CT and it’s rule in diagnosing the death cause before losing the case to find the suitable solution and managing the situation clinically with high performance as accuracy to save more lives.">Background: PMCT has effectively mirrored the development and availability of CT scanning itself. Currently, PMCT is used almost routinely at forensic institutes in developed countries However PMCT had been as a rutin procedure to explore the death cause, but the challenge is pre-mortem CT and it’s rule in diagnosing the death cause before losing the case to find the suitable solution and managing the situation clinically with high performance as accuracy to save more lives.
PMCT, intracerebral haemorrhage, brain bleeding, ventricular system, autopsy
Biological Characteristics and chemical GC-mass analysis for Agaricus bisporus
Many mushrooms contain bioactive compounds that have antioxidant, antibacterial, and anticancer properties. These characteristics make them crucial for usage in the food, beauty, and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, mushrooms are regarded as highly valuable resources with significant promise in agriculture, biotechnology, and medicine. A total of 37 substances, including unsaturated fatty acids, phenolic derivatives, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, and carbohydrate precursors, were found in the extract of ethanol of A. bisporus pin head based on the GC-MS-TIC spectrum data. These chemicals are crucial to the pharmaceutical industry. Maximum levels of unsaturated fatty acids, such as octadec-9-enoic acid, and slight amounts of steroids. The current study's GC-MS analysis showed the existence of volatile chemicals, mostly characterized by fatty acids and their ester, along with other non-polar and volatile molecules that contribute to the chemistry of the scent in these mushrooms genera. Additionally, GC-MS evaluation of milky mushrooms in dried form was conducted. The results showed that milky mushrooms consist of a lot of volatile ingredients and phenolics that are powerful antioxidants, as well as higher amounts of ergosterol, which confirms an abundance of antioxidants and anticancer biomolecules. This study examined the antibacterial efficacy of an ethanol extract of Agaricus species using three gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aerugenosa) and two gram-negative bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus). The antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Agaricus bisporus(10mg/ml) for gram negative bacterial strain (E coli and Pseudomonas aerugenosa) respectively was (13.34, 13.30, 13.0)mm, and (12.98, 12.94, 12.96)mm, while antibacterial effect of ethanol extract of Agaricus bisporus(10mg/ml) for gram positive bacterial strain (Streptococcus mutants and Staphylococcus aurous) respectively (9.69, 9.75, 9.72)mm and (10.45, 10.41, 10.44)mm.
Evaluate Of Risk Factors with Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Acute coronary syndrome represents a major global health issue. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors related to acute coronary syndrome among patients admitted to cardiac care units in governmental hospitals in the Ibn Al-Bitar cardiac specialty hospital and Al-Imamin Al-kadmeen city. An analytical case-control study was conducted from October 2024 until January 2025, involving 120 participants (90 cases and 30 controls). The data were collected using structured interviews and questionnaires with biochemical parameters for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), CK-MB, high sensitive Troponin, urea, creatinine, and fasting blood glucose. The second aliquot was designated for hsCRP analysis . Reliability testing by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87) and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 Among the participants, males were more frequent than females. fell into the age group of 25–80 years, and received treatment at the Ibn Al-Bitar cardiac specialty hospital and Al-Imamin Al-kadmeen city hospital. The logistic regression analysis revealed several significant risk factors associated with acute coronary syndrome. These included family history of acute coronary syndrome (p < 0.055). Smoking was more common STEMI group (50%) and less common in controls (23.33%); (p < 0.177). Patients in NSTEMI group demonstrated long attack duration (median 120hrs, range 2-360 hr) than either STEMI (median 24 hrs, range 1-240 hrs) or UA (median 72 hrs, range 1-360 hrs A history of hypertension was less common in controls (13.33%) than patients in different categories with a significant difference. Despite that patient in STEMI group had more cases of T2DM (56.67%) compared with other groups. Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population, HbA1c level was higher in STEMI and NSTEMI (7.52±2.94% and 7.05±2.04%, respectively) than other groups. The mean HDL in controls was 41.27±7.95 mg/dl which was significantly higher than that of STEMI group (29.75±8.54 mg/dl) and UA (31.32±8.8 mg/dl). On the other hand, NSTEM group displayed lower vLDL level (23.72±11.5 mg/dl) than other groups. Patients in STEMI and NSTEMI groups had slightly higher concentration of urea and creatinine than those in UA and controls. Conclution, This study highlights long attack duration and familial predisposition as critical acute coronary syndrome predictors in Iraqi patients, alongside traditional risks like obesity,history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Implementing strategies to control these risk factors and improve preventive measures is crucial forless common the incidence of acute coronary syndrome,
Acute coronary syndrome, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes
The rule of Medical VIoT through fMRI and neuroeconomics in studying the neural activity during decision making, a systematic review
Neuroeconomics is the most interesting recent approach that has proposed great results in helping the understanding of the real detailed physiological functions of the brain during decision-making on a specific task for different domains such as phone addiction, and clinical approaches such as dementia. This review study aims to highlight the rule of the fMRI in neuroeconomics, and the main rule of the neuroeconomics in detecting the neural activities in the brain while it decides to choose a specific task. We did a review in the Scopus database library, our keywords were neuroeconomics, brain, and fMRI. There were 102 articles, after limitations, there were only 15 articles, two of them excluded from this study because of the accessibility. The rest of the 13 articles are organized according to the author’s name, year of publication, country, methods, and results. The result of this study suggests that fMRI is the most important part of this procedure, which helps in defining many concepts related to brain function, and decision-making. In conclusion, medical video Internet of things MVIoT progression has a significant impact on clinical diagnosis and neurological findings through fMRI and neuroeconomics which are proposing a promising future approach to extend the brain study and neural activities as well.
Impact of Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection on Iron Metabolism Biomarkers in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Background: approximately 71.1 million people universal is affected with Hepatitis C virus (HCV) which consider a risk factor for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and lead to alteration in iron metabolism, which degrades renal anemia treatment. Objective: This study aimed to compare: serum iron levels, total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and unsaturated iron-binding capacity (UIBC) between chronic kidney disease patients with or without co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV). Methods: 200 patients with chronic renal disease (100 with hepatitis C virus and 100 without) was included in this cross-sectional study and Serum iron levels, total blood count (TIBC), and total blood count (UIBC) were determined for all participant in the study. Results: The result showed high significant differences in TIBC between the HCV-positive group when compared to the HCV-negative group. But no differences were found in serum iron or UIBC levels between the groups. The result showed significant negative correlations between iron and TIBC/UIBC in the HCV-negative group, whereas these correlations were substantially lower or nonexistent in the HCV-positive group, indicating an iron imbalance. Conclusion: Co-infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with higher TIBC and altered iron-mediated interactions, indicating poor iron metabolism. These data show the intricate interplay between HCV and iron control in CKD patients. This emphasizes the significance of a thorough clinical evaluation while treating anemia in people with both diseases.
Risk Factors Associated with Preterm Baby Birth in Kerbala City
A baby is referred to as premature or preterm if it is born before 37 weeks. Prematurity is one of the most important health problems and the main cause of neonatal death. The goals of the study are to determine risk factors for preterm birth and calculate correlation between mother's demographic with dependent variable( Preterm birth). This was a descriptive type (cross sectional) to study the risk factors of baby born preterm at Karbala Children Teaching Hospital&Gynecology and Obstetrics teaching hospital in Holy Karbala City Statistical analysis: The data were analyzed using SPSS for Windows version 22 to output percentages, means plus or minus standard deviations. (100)Jordanian neonates results, their mothers and preterm baby born in Karbala Children Teaching Hospital&Gynecology Obstetrics (convenience sample) Non probability was taken from Holy Karbala City. The questionnaire developed in a format of a two-part which also covers: Part -I Socio-demographic characteristic of the mothers,.. Two part comprises risk factors for preterm baby birth. The reliability of the questionnaire was computed using a pilot study and the validity of it through (10) experts' committee. The information was obtained through a questionnaire. Results are presented as ratios and the statistical program used to perform data analysis and interpretation is SPSS 26. The findings of the current study showed that in addition to more than the minimum number of risk factors (anxiety, stress during pregnancy; hard work; preterm rupture of membrane; malnutrition and low BMI), the significant association between factors relating to baby birth previously before time and generally with their demographic characteristic as age, education level, occupation and income monthly. The study resulted that if be eliminate the in service majority risk factors of preterm baby birth (anxiety and stress during pregnancy, hard work, premature rupture of membranes, malnutrition, low body mass index). The paper concluded that ministry of health should conduct community awareness raising campaigns in order to improve antenatal care (ANC) service uptake and augment proper detection and treatment of obstetric complications by health institution. Pregnant women should pay attention to their life behaviors during pregnancy, strengthen health education of pregnant women and their spouses, establish good living habits and minimize preterm delivery.
"Hepatitis B Prevention in Iraq: Addressing Vertical Transmission and Vaccination Completion Challenges"
Abstract: The viral infection caused by hepatitis B (HBV) is still a major public health issue in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The objective of this research was to evaluate the extent of HBV vaccination coverage, recognize the factors preventing vaccination, and ascertain the rates of prevalence among different risk groups in Iraq. The cross-sectional research was conducted with a national vaccination and screening data from the healthcare centres in Al-Najaf city. Vaccination data of high-risk individuals such as health care workers (HCWs), contacts of diagnosed patients, and those belonging to occupational risk groups were re-evaluated. The HBV screening outcomes were analyzed based on 15 different risk categories (n=103,550). The structured questionnaires given to the healthcare providers were used to obtain information on the barriers to vaccination. Among the total of 103,550 individuals screened, the prevalence of HBV was 0.095% (98 positive cases). Surgical patients accounted for the highest number of cases (24.5% of positives), blood donors (22.4%) and pre-marital screening (12.2%) being the next in line. The positivity rate was 100% for the infants born to infected mothers, while it was 3.57% for the contacts of diagnosed patients. The vaccination statistics suggested that completing the dose was a very difficult task as 624 first doses were administered but only 335 were third doses completed. The percentage of vaccinated health care workers was 73.4% of all doses.The unavailability of vaccines (50%), doubts about the vaccine's safety (45%), and lack of training (40%) were identified as the main reasons for the low uptake of the vaccine. Healthcare workers' non-compliance was attributed to the beliefs about the vaccine being ineffective (37%), the perception of low disease prevalence (35%), and safety concerns (30%). This study points out the significant weaknesses in Iraq's HBV prevention program, especially vertical transmission prevention and incomplete vaccination series.
Understanding The MicroRNA-146a Role in Psoriasis
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin condition that is immune-mediated and has a strong hereditary component where the pathophysiology is largely dependent on the stimulation of Interleukin 17 signaling. The contribution of microRNAs and other non-coding RNAs to the disease's susceptibility has not been well understood. MicroRNAs have a significant role in the pathophysiology of psoriasis, according to new studies. Psoriasis patients' skin and peripheral blood mononuclear cells have repeatedly been shown to overexpress microRNA-146a, a major negative regulator of inflammation. The purpose of this review was to investigate the role of microRNA-146a in illness and to show how it relates to psoriasis. According to the review's results, microRNA-146a that targets tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 and IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 is a common downstream target adapter protein for both cytokine and Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Additionally, microRNA-146a decreases the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by blocking the activity of nuclear factor-kappa B. According to these results, microRNA-146a was a major negative regulator of autoimmunity in psoriasis and serves as a vital physiological brake to stop the overactivation of inflammatory response pathways. More function research, however, will be necessary to pinpoint the specifics of the procedure and may significantly advance our knowledge of the hereditary component of psoriasis.
Psoriasis; MicroRNA-146a; Keratinocyte; Biogenesis