Evaluate Of Risk Factors with Biochemical Parameters in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Abstract

Acute coronary syndrome represents a major global health issue. The aim of the study was to identify the risk factors related to acute coronary syndrome among patients admitted to cardiac care units in governmental hospitals in the Ibn Al-Bitar cardiac specialty hospital and Al-Imamin Al-kadmeen city. An analytical case-control study was conducted from October 2024 until January 2025, involving 120 participants (90 cases and 30 controls). The data were collected using structured interviews and questionnaires with biochemical parameters for the analysis of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), CK-MB, high sensitive Troponin, urea, creatinine, and fasting blood glucose. The second aliquot was designated for hsCRP analysis . Reliability testing by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (0.87) and statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25 Among the participants, males were more frequent than females. fell into the age group of 25–80 years, and received treatment at the Ibn Al-Bitar cardiac specialty hospital and Al-Imamin Al-kadmeen city hospital. The logistic regression analysis revealed several significant risk factors associated with acute coronary syndrome. These included family history of acute coronary syndrome (p < 0.055). Smoking was more common STEMI group (50%) and less common in controls (23.33%); (p < 0.177). Patients in NSTEMI group demonstrated long attack duration (median 120hrs, range 2-360 hr) than either STEMI (median 24 hrs, range 1-240 hrs) or UA (median 72 hrs, range 1-360 hrs A history of hypertension was less common in controls (13.33%) than patients in different categories with a significant difference. Despite that patient in STEMI group had more cases of T2DM (56.67%) compared with other groups. Clinical Characteristics of the Study Population, HbA1c level was higher in STEMI and NSTEMI (7.52±2.94% and 7.05±2.04%, respectively) than other groups. The mean HDL in controls was 41.27±7.95 mg/dl which was significantly higher than that of STEMI group (29.75±8.54 mg/dl) and UA (31.32±8.8 mg/dl). On the other hand, NSTEM group displayed lower vLDL level (23.72±11.5 mg/dl) than other groups. Patients in STEMI and NSTEMI groups had slightly higher concentration of urea and creatinine than those in UA and controls. Conclution, This study highlights long attack duration and familial predisposition as critical acute coronary syndrome predictors in Iraqi patients, alongside traditional risks like obesity,history of hypertension, diabetes, and smoking. Implementing strategies to control these risk factors and improve preventive measures is crucial forless common the incidence of acute coronary syndrome,