Epidemiological Distribution of Renal Failure Patients and Associated Viral Hepatitis in Najaf, Iraq

Abstract

Background: Renal failure is a growing global health concern and is frequently accompanied by infectious complications, particularly viral hepatitis. Hemodialysis patients are at increased risk of acquiring hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) due to repeated vascular access and potential lapses in sterilization practices. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of viral hepatitis among renal failure patients in Najaf, Iraq, and to analyze its distribution according to hospital location, residence, sex, age, and viral type. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 550 renal failure patients from two major hospitals in Najaf Governorate between November 2023 and March 2024. Data were collected from medical records and categorized based on demographic and clinical variables. Descriptive statistics were applied to determine the distribution patterns of HBV and HCV infections. Results: Of the 550 patients, 37% were infected with viral hepatitis, with HCV (64%) being more prevalent than HBV (36%). Viral infection was more common among males, urban residents, and individuals aged 41–60 years. The majority of patients were from Al-Sadr Teaching Hospital (65%), which may reflect its larger service capacity and central location. Conclusion: Viral hepatitis, particularly HCV, is a significant comorbidity among renal failure patients in Najaf. The findings highlight the need for strict infection control, enhanced sterilization in dialysis units, and routine screening to prevent further transmission. Broader multicenter studies are recommended to better understand risk factors and improve prevention strategies.