Physiological Interplay Between Leptin Levels, Body Mass, and Reproductive Efficiency in Laying Hens

Abstract

This study investigated the relationship between leptin accumulation, body weight, and reproductive performance in domestic laying hens. A total of 140 birds (120 females and 20 males) at 28 weeks of age were monitored over three consecutive 28-day production periods. To assess hormonal influence, blood samples were collected 4–5 hours prior to the predicted ovulation time at the conclusion of each period. The cohort was stratified into three experimental groups—high, medium, and low—based on physiological parameters.

Statistical analysis revealed a highly significant increase (p<0.01) in serum leptin concentrations (ng/100 ml), which positively correlated with enhanced fertility rates and total hatchability percentages. Regression and correlation coefficients demonstrated a robust linear relationship between leptin levels and the studied reproductive traits. Notably, the data indicated a proportional link between leptin concentrations and embryonic mortality rates per fertile egg. Furthermore, predictive modeling was employed to evaluate the accuracy of these physiological variables in forecasting reproductive outcomes. The findings suggest that leptin serves as a critical endocrine marker for managing productivity and predicting embryonic success in commercial laying hens.