Blood Cell-derived Indices and Their Clinical Implications in Pediatric Type 1 Diabetes.

Abstract

Abstract

Background: Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune and metabolic disease that primarily affects children and adolescents, and is characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells by the immune system and an absolute lack of insulin. While HbA1c remains the cornerstone of glycemic control, emerging evidence highlights the possibility of using complete blood count (CBC) indicators to reverse systemic inflammation and immune disorder in T1D.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between glycemic control, HbA1c levels, and various blood criteria and indices of derived inflammation in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus, to illustrate its diagnostic and pathophysiological significance.
Methods: A comprehensive case study was conducted in Sadr Medical City, Najaf, Iraq, involving 100 children with Type 1 confirmed diabetes and 100 healthy children of the same age and sex. The CBC parameters were analyzed using an automated blood analyzer. The derived indices, including the ratio of Neu trophoblastic cells (NLR), the ratio of single cells to lymphocytes (MLR), the ratio of platelets to lymphocytes (PLR), the systemic immune inflammation index (SII) and the ratio of red blood cell to platelet cell distribution width (RPR), were calculated and compared statistically.

Results: individuals with T1D have shown an increase in the number of white blood cells and lymphocytes, with decreases in hematocrit, average red cell volume and average red blood cell volume. Indicators of inflammation were significantly lower, indicating adaptive predominance and suppression of innate immunity.
Conclusion: Indicators derived from CBC provide valuable information on immune reactions and metabolism in type 1 diabetes in children, and HbA1c can complement clinical assessment and monitoring of complications, especially in resource-limited Settings.